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Analýza ztrát selat v konkrétním chovu
Fabiánek, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to evalulate reproductive traits of sows in specific farm. All data was collected in period 2017-2021 from sows which are raised by agricultural company GenAgro Říčany a.s. In data there are informations about 3862 litters in total. In sows there was observed gestation length, number of piglets total born, number of liveborn piglets, stillborn piglets, weaned piglets, preweaning mortality in litters and reasons for their elimination. There is evalulation of effect of year, parity and gestation length on these reproductive traits in this thesis also. Statistica and R programs were used to perform this evalulation. Average gestation length for the whole period was 113,92 days. Average number of piglets total born was 15,74. Average number of liveborn piglets was 12,84 and stillborn piglets was 2,89. Average number of weaned piglets was 11,86. Average number of preweaning mortality was 1,78. There was observed significant effect of year, parity and gestation length on reproductive traits in this thesis.
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Intrauterinní růstová retardace selat
Kršová, Eliška
This bachelor's thesis focuses on intrauterine growth restriction of piglets. The first part of the thesis deals with sow hybridization, the creation of super-fertile sow lines, and how breeding can affect litter size. The second part focuses on the issues of highly fertile sows, particularly in terms of nutrition, housing, delivery, lactation, weaning, and preparation for the next pregnancy. The third part focuses on intrauterine growth restriction of piglets. This section describes what this condition means and what can influence it. The fourth part deals with problems in piglets with intrauterine growth restriction. Methods for the application of artificial milk, the use of surrogate sows, or split nursing are described here.
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Vyhodnocení reprodukční užitkovosti prasnic ve dvou typech porodny
Zahnáš, Radek
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows in two types of farrowing houses. These were the old maternity ward built in 1957 and the new maternity ward built in 2019. The monitored indicators were age at 1st insemination (days), age at 1st farrowing (days), number of all piglets born (pc/litter), number of live-born piglets (pc/litter), number of surviving piglets (pc/litter), length of weaning (days), losses of piglets in total (pcs), losses of piglets from birth to weaning (%, pcs), number of inseminations needed to impregnate a sow (insemination index), length of the intermediate period (days), length of the service period (days), length insemination interval (days), length of pregnancy (days), reasons for sow rejection (%) and reasons for losses of piglets to weaning (%). The data was evaluated using the Statistica 14 program (ANOVA, Turkey's test). 100 sows were monitored in both types of births on the 1st-3rd. litter. The new maternity ward achieved better results for all monitored indicators, except for the length of pregnancy. For all born, live-born and reared piglets, it reached the highest values at the 3rd parity. The shortest weaning periods in both the new and the old maternity wards were at the 2nd parity. Piglet losses from birth to weaning (%) were lowest at parity 1. At the 2nd and 3rd parity, the differences were very highly statistically significant. The insemination index ranged from 1.08 to 1.22 for both types of deliveries. The shortest intermediate period (150.16 days), service period (33.84 days) and insemination interval (36.52 days) was achieved by the new farrowing house between the 2nd and 3rd litter. The length of pregnancy was almost the same, but the old maternity ward fared better, when its average length of pregnancy was the shortest for the 2nd and 3rd litters at 113.5 days. At the new maternity ward, the shortest pregnancy was found in the 3rd litter of 113.66 days. The most common reasons for sow bracken were reproductive disorders (37%), locomotor disorders (21%), low performance (16%), udder disorders (9%), poor condition and health, both (6%) and age (5%) ). The most common cause of losses in both types was littering (50%) in the new maternity ward and (65%) in the old one. Furthermore, diarrheal diseases in the new (20%) and in the old (15%). Other causes were respiratory problems, starvation and unknown reasons.
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Stanovení antibiotické resistence u střevních bakterií selat krmených ZnO a nanočásticemi zinku
Janošťáková, Barbora
The present thesis investigated the antibiotic resistance of gut microbiota in piglets that have been fed supplements of zinc oxide (ZnO) and two types of zinc nanoparticles (ZnA and ZnC). First, an overview has been compiled to elucidate the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, possible remedies and their ecologic impact. Zinc nanoparticles have been proven to be more environmentally friendly and therefore a perspective replacement of zinc oxide, which is soon to be removed from use in prevention. This aim of this thesis was to evaluate their ability to prevent antibiotic resistance. To do so, an experiment has been conducted using gut Escherichia coli isolate samples obtained from 100 weaned piglets. The piglets have been randomly sorted into groups of 10 and fed a zinc supplement of set concentration: the control group received no supplementation, the rest of the groups received either ZnO, ZnA or ZnC in a concentration of 500, 1000 or 2000 mg per kilogram of compound feed. The piglets were supplemented for 10 consecutive days, their gut microbiota samples have been collected throughout the duration of the experiment and analysed for antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles ZnC proved to be a sound alternative to ZnO, having significantly reduced the resistance to most studied antibiotics. The most effective of ZnC group dosing appeared to be 1000 mg/kg of compound feed.
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Vliv délky laktace na reprodukční užitkovost prasnic
MUKOSHA, Chisenga Emmanuel
The aim of the master´s thesis was to analyse the effects of the length of lactation between weaning after 21 days (2013-2015) and 28 days (2016-2019) on a commercial farm. The number of total born piglets was higher to the sows that weaned at day 28 (15.0 piglets) by 0.5 piglet compared to day 21. The number of alive born piglets was higher when weaned at day 28 (13.5 piglets) by 1.0 piglet compared at day 21. The average was greater weaning at day 28 (11.5 piglets) showing an increase of 0.7 piglet. The number of alive born piglets was recorded at its highest in the year 2019 with an average of 14.0 piglets which is an increase of 1.6 piglets (P < 0.05) compared to the year 2013 which recorded the lowest average of 12.4 piglets. The highest average was recorded during parity 4 (13.5 piglets) and the lowest during parity 7 (12.2 piglets). The difference was 1.3 piglets (P < 0.05). Large White breed (13.2 piglets) had the highest average number of alive born piglets with an increase of (0.8 piglet) compared to the lowest recorded with the Landrace breed (12.4 piglets). The combinations of LW L (13.1 piglets) had a higher average of piglets of about (0.6 piglet) compared to the combinations of L LW (12.5 piglets). The average age at first farrowing was 360.1 days. The correlation coefficients between the age of gilts at the first farrowing and the number of born piglets (total and alive) were evaluated as low and were not statistically significant. A statistical difference in the average number of alive born piglets with sows equal to or less than 114 days had a higher average of about 0.8 piglet (P < 0.05) compared to gestation length equal to or more than 115 days. The farrowing interval with 146 days had a greater average number of alive born piglets by 0.2 piglet in comparison to the average when the farrowing interval was 145 days. There was an increase in the average to the number of alive born piglets with weaning to conception interval (WCI) 4 days with an increase of 0.5 piglet (P < 0.05) compared to WCI 5 days.
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Výskyt antibiotické rezistence u bakteriálních kmenů izolovaných z výkalů selat po odstavu
Plevák, Petr
The most significant economic losses in breeding of weaned piglets cause bacterial infectious diseases. The antimicrobial agents are used to combat and control infections. Moreover, antibiotics are still utilized as growth promoters at lower concentrations in some countries. With the increasing incidence of resistant bacterial strains, including human medicine, the use of antibiotics has been limited and controlled in the European Union. Similar antimicrobial effects are provided by zinc oxide, which is used today in prevention instead of prohibited antibiotics. However, high concentrations of zinc get into the environment along with slurry and contaminate the soil. Currently, new forms of zinc nanoparticles have been developed to decrease the effective zinc concentrations utilized in agriculture. The experimental part of this thesis includes 3 experimental groups of weaned piglets. The first group was control group (basal diet), the second was supplemented by zinc oxide and the third group was treated by zinc nanoparticles supplements. These groups were subdivided according to the concentration of zinc compound (500, 1000 and 2000 mg.kg-1) and each group contained 10 piglets. Feces samples were collected on 0th, 5th, 10th and 20th day of the experiment. 224 bacterial strains were isolated from these samples and identified as Escherichia coli, a potential causative agent of coliform infections. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility/resistance to the most common antibiotics employed in Czech animal husbandry and also to the important antibiotics of human medicine. The best results (the highest efficiency) were achieved by ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefotaxime and colistin. The most frequent incidence of resistant strains were found for chlortetracycline, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Moreover, 2 isolates were evaluated as producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases by testing with combination of ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and 5 isolates by testing with combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The comparison of resistant strains incidence across the experimental groups, did not show an induction of antimicrobial resistance in association with dietary administration of zinc nanoparticles in feed mixtures.
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Výživa moderných genotypov prasiatok
Mišenková, Veronika
Pig Breeding is the important element of the economic sector. The production of the pork and production of the piglets are the most important. The pork is a biologically valuable nutrient for the human population. Purposeful nutrition, right feed technique and good health are decesive factors in the efficiency of the Pig Breeding. These factors directly affect reproductive indicators (number of live-born piglets, number of weaned piglets per sow/year). Every company, which uses the closed turnover of herd, have got two separated sectors, so fattening pigs and production of piglets. The economic objective of the company is making a profit. This Bachelor thesis is focused on nutrition of modern piglets genotypes. In the first part the thesis shows the current number of pigs in the Czech republic, Slovak republic and the European Union. In the second part it describes in details the anatomical structure and physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract is composed of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine and endocrine glands. Every part of the gastrointestinal tract has mechanical or chemical function in process of metabolism. In the third part it describes feed groups used in pig nutrition. The include feed: cereals, leguminous plants, feed from the fat industry, feed from the oil industry and feed of animal origin. In the fourth part it discusses about feed technique of piglets, feed technique of pregnant sows and feed technique of lactating sows. Each category of pigs has its own specific feed requirements, that is the amount of individual ingredients. Then it deals with losses of piglets in the prenatal period and the postnatal period, possibilities of their elimination and influence of nutrition. In conclusion, the knowledge and their practical application are summarized.
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Využití řas v prevenci a terapii průjmových onemocnění selat
Makovičková, Adéla
This thesis is aimed to study the effect of product SeaGut, made from sea algae, on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea of suckling piglets. Here was created 8 groups of piglets (4 control groups and 4 experimental groups) within the experiment. In control group, there was used standard treatment of piglets after farrowing, with anticoccidic Cevazuril, active substance toltrazuril. Treatment of occuring diarrhoea was solved by antibiotics – Betamox. In experimental group, anticoccidics and antibiotics were replaced with SeaGut paste. At the same time, piglets of experimental group were fed by mineral feed containing bentonite and zeolithe. During the experiment, health condition was regurarly observed and recorded. Results between groups was statistically compared. Diarrhoea occured on 16th day at piglets within the experimental group, witch is earlier than at piglets withing the control group (20th day). But in the experimental group, there were less piglets with diarrhoea, as well as number of dirrhoea recurrence. Number of deaths of piglets in experimental group was as well low, but this parametr was not statistically significant (P > 0,05). Preventive and therapeutic usage of products containing algae led to significantly better results in treatment of diarrheal diseases of piglets (P < 0,05). The experiment demonstrated the suitability of using SeaGut in the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases of piglets as an alternative to the preventive use of anticoccidics and the therapeutic use of antibiotics.
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Zhodnocení produkce selat v rámci firemního programu
TESAŘ, Martin
The aim of the bachelor thesis was evaluated in the Martínkov breeding industry, the company Dešná, the reproductive utility of sows of the company Hypor program and the factors that affect it. In the thesis there is an outline of the effect of external and internal factors affecting the fertility of pigs and especially the influence of the genotype, the age of 1st pig embarrassment, the intervals, the order and number of the litter, nutrition and feeding, microclimatic conditions and the operation of the technology. At the end of the thesis are summarized the acquired knowledge, which contribute to the improvement of pig reproduction indicators. The monitored herd of rearing as of December 31, 2017 consisted of 800 sows (including pregnant gilts) and 230 unrestrained gilts. The first placement of gilts in the holding is most often performed from the 230th to the 260th day of life. In the reference year 2017, an average of one sow per year was 34 live births and 30.7 weaned weaners. Altogether, 23 232 weaners were weaned per year.
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